@InProceedings{Berdoz2026data, author= {Frédéric Berdoz and Luca Lanzendörfer and Kaan Bayraktar and Roger Wattenhofer}, title= {{Data Attribution in Large Language Models via Bidirectional Gradient Optimization}}, booktitle= {{Third International AI Governance Workshop (AIGOV@AAAI), Singapore}}, month= {January}, year= {2026}, }